ASHOK CHAKRA

Deepak ludhiana -

 

This is " THE ASHOK CHAKKARA " This symbol originally belongs to "ASHOKA THE GREAT"

The greatest emperor in the history of India

When Gautama Buddha  achieved enlightenment at Bodh Gaya, he came to Sarnath, on the outskirts of Varanasi. There, he found his five disciples Assaji, Mahānāman, Kondañña, Bhaddiya and Vappa, who had earlier abandoned him. He introduced his first teachings to them, thereby establishing the dharmachakra. This is the motive taken up by Ashoka and portrayed on top of his pillars.

The 24 spokes represent the twelve causal links taught by the Buddha and paṭiccasamuppāda (Dependent Origination, Conditional Arising) in forward and then reverse order.[2] The first 12 spokes represent 12 stages of suffering. Next 12 spokes represent no cause no effect. So, due to awareness of mind, formation of mental conditioning stops. This process stops the process of birth and death i.e. nibbāna. The twelve causal links, paired with their corresponding symbols, are:

  1. Avidyā ignorance
  2. Sanskāra conditioning of mind unknowingly
  3. Vijñāna consciousness
  4. Nāmarūpa name and form (constituent elements of mental and physical existence)
  5. Ṣalāyatana six senses (eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind)
  6. Sparśa contact
  7. Vedanā sensation
  8. Taṇhā thirst
  9. Upādāna grasping[3]
  10. Bhava coming to be
  11. Jāti being born
  12. Jarāmaraṇa old age[4] and death[5] – corpse being carried.

These 12 in forward and reverse represent a total 24 spokes representing the dharma.


A c. 1st century BCE/CE Indian relief from Amaravathi village, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh (India). Preserved in Guimet Museum, Paris (2005)

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was instrumental for incorporating the wheel of Dhamma chakra or Ashoka Chakra in Navy Blue in the National Flag of India. To select Flag for Independent India, on 23rd June 1947 the Constituent Assembly of India set up an Ad hoc committee headed by Rajendra Prasad with Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Sarojini, Rajagopalachari and K. M. Munshi as its members. On 22 July 1947, the present form (Four Colours Viz., Saffron, White, Green and Navy Blue Chakra) of the National Flag of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly. The spinning wheel of the Congress Flag was replaced by the Chakra (Wheel) from the Lion Capital of Ashoka at its centre.


As a Member of Ad hoc committee on the National Flag Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar later explained, "Even though Buddhism is almost extinct in India, yet it has given birth to a culture, which is far better and richer than the Brahminic culture. When the question of the national flag and the national emblem was being considered by the Constituent Assembly we could not find any suitable symbol from the Brahminic culture. Ultimately, the Buddhist culture came to our rescue and we accepted the Wheel of Law (Dhamma-Chakra) as the national symbol."

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